anton chekhov biography

"Actors climb up Chekhov like a mountain, roped together, sharing the glory if they ever make it to the summit". If anyone doubted the gloom and miserable poverty of Russia in the 1880s, the anarchist theorist Peter Kropotkin responded, "read only Chekhov's novels! Quoted by, "'The Steppe,' as Michael Finke suggests, is 'a sort of dictionary of Chekhov's poetics,' a kind of sample case of the concealed literary weapons Chekhov would deploy in his work to come. In 1888, with a little string-pulling by Grigorovich, the short story collection At Dusk (V Sumerkakh) won Chekhov the coveted Pushkin Prize "for the best literary production distinguished by high artistic worth. [21] To avoid debtor's prison he fled to Moscow, where his two eldest sons, Alexander and Nikolay, were attending university. He is regarded as the outstanding representative of late 19th-century Russian realism. [28], Chekhov now assumed responsibility for the whole family. [125] Sakate adapted several of Chekhov's plays and transformed them in the general style of nō. In Chekhov's day, his name was written Антонъ Павловичъ Чеховъ. It is not only the immense number of stories he wrote—for few, if any, writers have ever done more—it is the awesome frequency with which he produced masterpieces, stories that shrive us as well as delight and move us, that lay bare our emotions in ways only true art can accomplish. "[41], In 1887, exhausted from overwork and ill health, Chekhov took a trip to Ukraine, which reawakened him to the beauty of the steppe. The conversion—to a superb study of aimlessness in a rural manor house—took place some time between 1890 and 1896; the play was published in 1897. It was he who articulated the notion that human beings hardly ever speak in explicit terms among each other about their deepest emotions, that the great, tragic, climactic moments are often happening beneath outwardly trivial conversation. Despotism and lying so mutilated our childhood that it's sickening and frightening to think about it. [73][74][75], In March 1897, Chekhov suffered a major haemorrhage of the lungs while on a visit to Moscow. [22] Chekhov was left behind to sell the family's possessions and finish his education. His first work in a leading literary review, “Steppe” (1888), depicted a journey in the Ukraine as seen through a child’s eyes. "[39]" The admission may have done Chekhov a disservice, since early manuscripts reveal that he often wrote with extreme care, continually revising. Constance Garnett's translations won him an English-language readership and the admiration of writers such as James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, and Katherine Mansfield, whose story "The Child Who Was Tired" is similar to Chekhov's "Sleepy". Gradually that serious vein absorbed him and soon predominated over the comic. After briefly attending a local school for Greek boys, Chekhov entered the town gimnaziya (high school), where he remained for 10 years. Where the tune is familiar and the end emphatic—lovers united, villains discomfited, intrigues exposed—as it is in most Victorian fiction, we can scarcely go wrong, but where the tune is unfamiliar and the end a note of interrogation or merely the information that they went on talking, as it is in Tchekov, we need a very daring and alert sense of literature to make us hear the tune, and in particular those last notes which complete the harmony. Chekhov replied that the letter had struck him "like a thunderbolt" and confessed, "I have written my stories the way reporters write up their notes about fires—mechanically, half-consciously, caring nothing about either the reader or myself. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. He wrote, "There were times I felt that I saw before me the extreme limits of man's degradation. Westport, Ct: Greenwood Press, (1985). Anton Chekhov, in full Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, (born January 29 [January 17, Old Style], 1860, Taganrog, Russia—died July 14/15 [July 1/2], 1904, Badenweiler, Germany), Russian playwright and master of the modern short story.He was a literary artist of laconic precision who probed below the surface of life, laying bare the secret motives of his characters. Chekhov's mother was physically and emotionally broken by the experience. His Wood Demon (1888–89) is a long-winded and ineptly facetious four-act play, which somehow, by a miracle of art, became converted—largely by cutting—into Dyadya Vanya (Uncle Vanya), one of his greatest stage masterpieces. [65] In 2013, the Wellcome Trust-funded play 'A Russian Doctor', performed by Andrew Dawson and researched by Professor Jonathan Cole, explored Chekhov's experiences on Sakhalin Island. Like other actors before and since, Albert Finney's efforts at playing Macbeth in the theatre were deemed a failure. Although Chekhov is best known for his plays, some critics think that his stories are even more creative and significant. "Why seven?" Mikhail Chekhov recalled that "everyone who saw him secretly thought the end was not far off, but the nearer [he] was to the end, the less he seemed to realise it". In 1876, Chekhov's father was declared bankrupt after overextending his finances building a new house, having been cheated by a contractor named Mironov. [85], The letter proved prophetic of Chekhov's marital arrangements with Olga: he lived largely at Yalta, she in Moscow, pursuing her acting career. [23] Chekhov had to pay for his own education, which he managed by private tutoring, catching and selling goldfinches, and selling short sketches to the newspapers, among other jobs. An index of monologues by Anton Chekhov. Neither expects anything lasting from the encounter. [13][14][15] "Our talents we got from our father," Chekhov remembered, "but our soul from our mother. Chekhov’s elusive, superficially guileless style of writing—in which what is left unsaid seems much more important than what is said—has defied effective analysis by literary critics and effective imitation by other creative writers. The letters Chekhov wrote during the two-and-a-half-month journey to Sakhalin are considered to be among his best. One of Anton's nephews, Michael Chekhov would also contribute heavily to modern theatre, particularly through his unique acting methods which developed Stanislavski's ideas further. The ingenuity and insight displayed in that tour de force was especially remarkable, coming from an author so young. [42] On his return, he began the novella-length short story "The Steppe," which he called "something rather odd and much too original," and which was eventually published in Severny Vestnik (The Northern Herald). The family lived in poverty in Moscow. Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (Russian: Антон Павлович Чехов[note 1], IPA: [ɐnˈton ˈpavɫəvʲɪtɕ ˈtɕɛxəf]; 29 January 1860[note 2] – 15 July 1904[note 3]) was a Russian playwright and short-story writer who is considered to be among the greatest writers of short fiction in history. Had started making a film in France in 1975, called "The Story of Marie and Julien." There he received the best standard education then available—thorough but unimaginative and based on the Greek and Latin classics. Chekhov's works have been adapted for the screen, including Sidney Lumet's Sea Gull and Louis Malle's Vanya on 42nd Street. Chekhov began his writing career as the author of anecdotes for humorous journals, signing his early work pseudonymously. "[57][58] He was particularly moved by the plight of the children living in the penal colony with their parents. [98][99], A few months before he died, Chekhov told the writer Ivan Bunin that he thought people might go on reading his writings for seven years. Biography of Charlotte Perkins Gilman, American Novelist. "[117][118] But he also declared “yet it is his works which I would take on a trip to another planet”[119] and called "The Lady with the Dog" "one of the greatest stories ever written" in its depiction of a problematic relationship, and described Chekhov as writing "the way one person relates to another the most important things in his life, slowly and yet without a break, in a slightly subdued voice. He at once enrolled in the university’s medical faculty, graduating in 1884 as a doctor. [51][52] Mikhail Chekhov, who recorded his brother's depression and restlessness after Nikolay's death, was researching prisons at the time as part of his law studies, and Anton Chekhov, in a search for purpose in his own life, himself soon became obsessed with the issue of prison reform. Letter to sister Masha, 2 April 1887. Chekhov’s best plays and short stories lack complex plots and neat solutions. Actor, "Chekhov's art demands a theatre of mood.". The Cherry Orchard. Though already celebrated by the Russian literary public before his death, Chekhov did not become internationally famous until after World War I. Chekhov took his long-winded and ineptly facetious play Wood Demon (1888–89) and converted it—largely by cutting—into Uncle Vanya, one of his greatest stage masterpieces. In 1884 and 1885, Chekhov found himself coughing blood, and in 1886 the attacks worsened, but he would not admit his tuberculosis to his family or his friends. His father was a grocer, painter and religious fanatic with a mercurial temperament who "thrashed" his … [101], Chekhov's work also found praise from several of Russia's most influential radical political thinkers. Woody Allen has been influenced by Chekhov and reference to his works are present in many of his films including Love and Death (1975), Interiors (1978) and Hannah and Her Sisters (1986). Rugadh Chekhov i dTaganrog na Rúise, áit a raibh siopa grósaeireachta ag a athair, Pavel. Remove everything that has no relevance to the story. [16] He confessed to Leykin, "I am afraid to submit myself to be sounded by my colleagues. Besides “Steppe,” Chekhov also wrote several profoundly tragic studies at that time, the most notable of which was “A Dreary Story” (1889), a penetrating study into the mind of an elderly and dying professor of medicine. Anton Chekhov was born on the feast day of St. Anthony the Great (17 January Old Style) 29 January 1860 in Taganrog, a port on the Sea of Azov in southern Russia.He was the third of six surviving children. On 25 May 1901, Chekhov married Olga Knipper quietly, owing to his horror of weddings. His work has also served as inspiration or been referenced in numerous films. The character of Lopakhin, for example, was reinvented as a hero of the new order, rising from a modest background so as eventually to possess the gentry's estates. [30] Chekhov's tone at this stage was harsher than that familiar from his mature fiction. Allen, 11. Another Indian television series titled Chekhov Ki Duniya aired on DD National in the 1990s, adapting different works of Chekhov. [113] In 1981, the playwright Tennessee Williams adapted The Seagull as The Notebook of Trigorin. In another great play, The Cherry Orchard(1904), Chekhov created a poignant picture of Russian landowners in decline, in which characters remain comic despite their very poignancy. Filled with wit, irony, and brilliantly developed and impassioned characters, this three-person play shows the young playwright at his best. During the years just before and after his Sakhalin expedition, Chekhov had continued his experiments as a dramatist. Cambridge, England: University Press, (1971), This page was last edited on 7 February 2021, at 20:39. Their long and close friendship caused Chekhov some unpopularity, owing to the politically reactionary character of Suvorin’s newspaper, Novoye vremya (“New Time”). [24] During this time, he read widely and analytically, including the works of Cervantes, Turgenev, Goncharov, and Schopenhauer,[25][26] and wrote a full-length comic drama, Fatherless, which his brother Alexander dismissed as "an inexcusable though innocent fabrication.

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