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English API and CPI (Corrugated Plate Interceptor) separators are predominantly used in separation of free oil from produced or effluent water or suspended solids for oily water treatment in an (Oily Water System) (OWS).The basic principle of difference in gravity between the phases (liquid – liquid or solid – liquid) is employed in an OWS in separation of the two phases. Found inside – Page 1005.6 Final design of water treatment using water pinch methodology (after CPI 2004 and 2005). the water operation is given in Fig. ... However, the authors state that this design could be further evolved to produce alternative networks. CPI SEPARATOR. Found inside – Page xviABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS Cost CPI Maximum day / maximum hour expense of water production Consumer price index ... Treated water O the water measured as metered consumption and paid for by wholesale and retail customers within the ... startxref OUR PROCESS INLET SKIMMER A 3-phase separator for large particles (150µm) designed to provide constant flow for downstream equipment. %PDF-1.4 %���� CORRUGATED PLATE INTERCEPTOR (CPI) 45° Down-flow Parallel Plate Separator designed and sized … Found inside – Page 143Corrugated Plate Interceptor (CPI) The most common form of PPI used in production operations is the CPI. ... removed prior to flowing through a standard CPI. Vent 9 10 GAS - SPACE Secondary Oil Out Water Produced Water Treating Systems 143. 0000038538 00000 n The number of Plate packs per TPI/ CPI separator is calculated based on the effluent flow and its characteristics to the unit. Corrugated Plate Interceptors (CPI) API and CPI (Corrugated Plate Interceptor) separators are predominantly used in separation of free oil from produced or effluent water or suspended solids for oily water treatment in an (Oily Water System) (OWS).The basic principle of difference in gravity between the phases (liquid – liquid or solid – liquid) is employed in an OWS in separation of the two phases. In order to reduce the frictional resistance between the separated material and the corrugated plates to a minimum, particular attention needs to be paid to the smoothness and hardness of the plate surface. Found inside – Page 23All prices have to be adjusted to the money value of Year 2000 by the use of CPI published by the Hong Kong Government (CSD ... fresh water impounding reservoirs, fresh water mains and pumping stations, fresh water treatment plants, ... he heavier liquid or water and flows downward and discharges via the CETCO MONARCH CPI Separator water discharge sump. Remove oil and other contaminants from produced water. Below is a reprint from section 5 of "Public Works Technical Bulletin 200-1-05".The entire bulletin should be reviewed by anyone considering the purchase of an oil water separator or separation system. PUSTEK E&T CPI dapat digunakan untuk pemisahan minyak dan air atau oily water treatment diantaranya : Industri Minyak dan Gas Produced Water Treatment, IPAL, Effluent limbah yang mengandung minyak, Steam Condensate. DS21 have been almost 20 years since we started designing and manufacturing innovative wastewater treatment , produced water treatment, storm water treatment, water treatment, and sewage /sanitary with our own technology which have plate pack, bubble … (Page 1) Careful control of water and steam chemistry at facilities in the chemical process industries (CPI) can pay off handsomely in reliable operation. Simple maintenance, minimal moving parts, and process resiliency are all hallmarks of JWC’s CPI … Found inside – Page 369... 290–291t Coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation (CFS), 72–73 Coal seam gas produced water treatment, 304, ... 284 Coprecipitation reaction, 220–222 Corrugated plate interceptors (CPI), 60–61 CVDFT110, 213, 216–217 CVT230, 205, 207f, ... Maturing market demands increasingly innovative solutions: The market for petrochemicals water and wastewater treatment is experiencing an increased level of maturity with many industrial sites having met treatment capacities. Away Facility We work with the best manufacturers from various countries around the world. Designed for simple & high-spec manufacturing, our Houston, Texas production facility is designed to produce high quality water treatment products & systems for the energy industry. 0000024704 00000 n – Very low maintenance cost since there are no moving parts. Found inside – Page 182System Description Figure 7-1 illustrates the components of a typical wastewater treating system . Produced water will always have some form of primary treating prior to disposal . This could be a skim tank , skim vessel , CPI , or ... Water is used many areas of chemical production including steam production, cooling, process make-up, and product rinsing throughout chemical plants, as well as for utility water. Enhydra’s plate packs can also be used to improve the size and economy of any existing separator systems. 5) for Produced Water Treatment: Principle: Gravity Separation; Description and Operation: Fluid Enters at one end and separates along the length as per density just like an API Separator; CPI includes corrugated plates arranged in a plate pack which installed at an angle of 45° 0000006149 00000 n We work for most major oil & gas companies, … Process Group CPI Units are designed to remove free oil and solids (TSS) from water as a primary stage of water treatment. As oil reservoirs mature, produced water rates increase and can be over 90 percent of the total fluid flow. APSL Systems Limited. A schematic of CPI separator is depicted below. The Nas Oil And Gas Company, Dubai has received a contract for the engineering, procurement and commissioning of oily water and produced treatment project with 360 m3/day including 6 CPI separators, 18 transfer pumping stations, two IGF units, Compaction packages and chemical injection units. Of Filter Types P.148 Found inside – Page 425A cal process flow diagram ( Figure 18 ) of the Taoyuan wastewater treatment system is discussed as follows : CPI -- DAF ... The addition of granular activated carbon contactors to polish the filtration effluent will produce water of a ... Produced water (oil and gas fields) eProcess CPI’s are efficient gravity based tilted parallel plate separators. Quick Comparison: • Conventional gravity separators: Tanks, CPI, API separator etc. sales@apslsystems.com. 0000001200 00000 n Application. Clogged CPI separators, bypassed produced water treatment plants, flotation units with settled sludge on the bottom, and much more. CPI-ADF. 0000014827 00000 n The CPI operates as a two-step process; firstly, the influent water, containing free oil and suspended solids, passes through a primary coalescer to increase the collision between the suspended oil droplets. The raw water containing the oil and suspended solids passes between the plates from top. OVERVIEW. The author reviews advances in produced water treatment, particularly offshore, since the 1960s. During the first stage, a CPI unit is used to separate free oil and solids. The Produced water treatment package treats a total flowrate of 1320 m3/h equal to nearly 200 kbpd. 0000002862 00000 n Water is brought along with the oil and gas when these are lifted from the surface. Water is brought along with the oil and gas when these are lifted from the surface. The IGF vessel is typically arranged as four separate compartments or cells, where the unique eProcess eductor generates finely dispersed gas bubbles into the water stream, with minimum turbulence, and no short-circuiting. It also presents the different methods involved in the treatment. Found inside – Page 381The author was transferred from research to operations in Conoco's New Orleans Production Division to advise on water treating installations . Conoco installed corrugated plate interceptors ( CPI's ) as did many others because they ... API and CPI are often used for a preliminary water treatment in order to process the waste water before the flotators (Tecniplant’s IGF Units). Corrugated Plate Interceptors (CPI) are an appropriate cost-effective solution for produced water treatment applications where there is little to no available natural pressure in the produced water stream. Water is brought along with the oil and gas when these are lifted from the surface. CPI is designed and engineered for oil recovery applications where energy usage and equipment costs are a determining factor. of the smallest particles that will be intercepted, usually greater than 50 microns. The plate pack is made of many closely spaced corrugated plates. Using Stoke’s Law, the rate of rise of the oil can be calculated. Using CORRUGATED PLATE INTERCEPTOR (CPI-Fig. With some of the most experienced personnel in the industry, Crescent has the perfect solution to meet virtually any customer’s needs. Recent advances in static hydrocyclone technology for PWT has added an attractive alternative to conventional systems. To negate the effect of sand production upflow CPI configuration can be used. CECO Peerless: Get the facts. The CPI separators can be supplied in pressurized design (U-STAMP, PED) Hence, TPI separator is a generic terminology used in such type of separators.The separator when used in separation of liquid – liquid phases (predominantly removal of free oil in oily water treatment) are called a TPI (Tilted plate interceptor) or a CPI separator. trailer The CPI basin can be executed in concrete or steel. – Can handle shock loads of flow without affecting effluent quality significantly. The water is then treated before the discharge or re-injection process. These units typically include a number of elements: Omani Oil Fields Produced Water: Treatment and Utilization Ovivo Spin LLH de-oiling hydrocyclones are very effective in removing dispersed oil. Produced water typically enters the water-treatment system from either a two or three phase separator, a free water knockout, a gun barrel, a heater treater, or other primary separation unit process. Welcome to InPro Equipment InPro Equipment is dedicated to providing high quality Industrial Process Equipment to the Oil & Gas, Chemical, Petrochemical, and Power industries. Its crossflow design enables processing large volumes of water in a smaller vessel, and the vessel’s large cross-sectional area improves the separation efficiency. 0000027093 00000 n Found inside – Page 192Traditional slurry TiO2 reactors are impractical for water treatment because they require an additional ... Typical light sources such as mercury and xenon lamps require mechanical shutters to produce CPI, take time to warm up, ... Contact US. APSL is a global supplier of Oil, Gas, Produced Water and Seawater process equipment solutions to the Oil, Gas, Refining and Petrochemicals Industries. Our solutions are compact, fit-for-purpose, and engineered to meet even the most stringent disposal criterion. Ovivo develops and implements innovative solutions to meet the challenges of treating water and wastewater for the O&G industry, addressing both upstream and downstream applications. CETCOMONARCH’s Produced Water Treatment Systems epitomize performance, value, and quality. 0000014677 00000 n Found inside – Page 169How to size and select done directly in a skim pile or by use of a skim vessel upproduced - water treating stream of a ... a procedure for selecting CPI ( pressure ) the appropriate type of equipment for treating oil from produced water ... Found inside – Page 3301984). success of the large-scale use of R0 for municipal wastewater treatment at Water Factory 21 in Orange County, ... of Water Factory 21 (adapted from Nusbaum and Argo applications in the chemical processing industry (CPI). Definition of produced water and the main components of the water stream; Objectives of treating produced water prior to reinjection into a producing formation; Methods for removal of suspended solids and suspended oil from produced water, including settling tanks, CPI… Found inside – Page 55In the case of drinking water , the resources used to treat the water might be estimated and then removed . This approach , which would reduce the resources used to produce the water , would not penalize a utility's productivity measure ... 0000017513 00000 n Found inside – Page 2078... )∂y−Jsitf=Cri Jwtf−1tf δ Fr∂Cpi∂y−jsitf (5.44) ∂Cpi∂t=11tp δ ∂(Cpi Fp)∂y−Jsitp=Cpi Jwtp−1tp δ Fp ∂Cpi∂y−jsitp (5.45) The retentate and ... (2009) in the treatment of five main solutes particularly found in wastewater. – Selection can be done from large number of type of basins (RCC, Mild Steel, Stainless Steel) for plate packs in TPI/CPI separators. Produced Water Primary Treatment; CPI; CPI Product Group Expert * * *. Found inside – Page 1-6... Gas 4.7 consump by consump by consump by production water treatment chemicals water treatment chemicals woodpulp 88 88 89 88 90 90 94 90 564. + 4.7 1.8 10.7 CPI Purch CPI Purch Chem Mkt R C & E News 000 tons % of prodA 000 m ton / d ... Our custom designed produced water treatment packages include our proprietary CYCLONIXX* Deoiler Hydrocyclones and gas flotation … Plate packs are usually oriented at certain angle to the surface. Produced Water Treatment Field Manual presents different methods used in produced water treatment systems in the oil and gas industry. We offer comprehensive produced water treatment solutions to meet the entire range of wastewater treatment requirements. The raw water containing the oil and suspended solids passes between the plates from top. to view more details. 43 0 obj<>stream 0000006845 00000 n Found inside – Page 120The second type of gas induction uses hydraulic ejectors to aspirate gas into the produced water. This requires recirculation of a portion of the treated water for use as the motive force to aspirate the gaS. The oil removal performance ... Autoflot is also featured in the flowsheets of quench water … 11 33 Laminar flow conditions are essential for the effective gravity separation of the water, the oil … Found inside – Page 257Schematic of oitin - water treatment for produced water and deck drainage Harriet oil facilities . Oil Water Oily water Oil Subsea CPI Unit Deck Drainage ( Charlie & Bravo ) Pipeline Hydrocyclone Oil Oil CPI Unit Oily water Deck ... CPI is designed and engineered for oil recovery applications where energy usage and equipment costs are a determining factor. The CPI consist of a number of inclined corrugated plates mounted parallel to each other at spacing. An API oil–water separator is a device designed to separate gross amounts of oil and suspended solids from industrial wastewater produced at oil refineries, petrochemical plants, chemical plants, natural gas processing plants and other industrial oily water sources. The flow direction of produced water through the inclined plate interceptors can be either upflow or downflow. 0000001277 00000 n The goal of InPro Equipment is not to be just another equipment supplier but a provider of solutions. 0000037719 00000 n Flowsep helps install and operate cost effective, highly practical equipment for the Oil and Gas Sector. The pressurized CPI is used for for multi-phase separation of solids, organics, and water. Process Operations. Produced water and its treatment and management are growing challenges in all producing regions. Found inside – Page 10The emulsion is usually treated separately to recover the oil and the water effluent from this process is directed to the produced water treatment system . 3.3 Treatment Options The treatment of storage displacement water is directed at ... Pielkenrood modifies these facilities or supplies new ones so that the owners can meet their performance targets. However, a TPI (Tilted plate interceptor) may use a corrugated type plate pack or simply plain parallel plate pack. CPI (Corrugated plate interceptor) separators are predominantly used in separation of free oil from effluent water or suspended solids for oily water treatment in an OWS (oily Water System). CPI is designed and engineered for oil recovery applications where energy usage and equipment costs are a determining factor. 0000029390 00000 n CETCO MONARCH’s CPI Separator is designed to many U.S. industrial codes and incorporates advanced features such as a unique packaging design to enhance space and maintainability, long lasting materials of construction to extend the life of the system, and a flexible … Autoflot is primarily used in the processing of oilfield produced waters where IGF separators are typically installed after a primary separation step (e.g. Produced Water Treatment. This factor determines the surface area required for the gravity separation in an OWS. Found inside – Page 136PRODUCTION COMPONENTS The major water supply production components are support services , acquisition , treatment , and ... data inflated to 1975 by the CPI , the functional form TC alb ( 32 ) cost and Q is revenue - producing water . Applications: Onshore and Offshore Drilling Operations; Oil Refineries; Produced Water Corrugated Plate Interceptor – allows the separation in the oily water treatment of the suspended solids and of the oil globules from water by gravity separation principle that is based on the difference of specific gravity between the phases (oil, solid, water). Definition of produced water and the main components of the water stream; Objectives of treating produced water prior to reinjection into a producing formation; Methods for removal of suspended solids and suspended oil from produced water, including settling tanks, CPI… CPI’s are long standing convention technologies which have been used for many years, typically in onshore oil & gas facilities. 0000036779 00000 n Advantages Of Designed TPI/ CPI Separators in Oily Water Treatment System: – Low Spare requirement. 0000000956 00000 n If however, further water polishing is required and can be achieved using tertiary produced water treatment through additional filtration – a final cleaning stage before water is discharged overboard. Cannon Artes’ state of the art solution for treatment of produced water is based upon a sequence of stages defined according to the influent oil and solid content. Free oil rises between the plates until they reach the underside of each multiple plate arrangement where they collect and coalesce. Ideal for produced water or a variety of other industrial applications, Power Clean filters reclaim more oil than conventional techniques. to remove suspended solids and bulk oil ensuring water specification for disposal or reinjection. �hH7���璉&��g���G܋�a���X��XHk�V��[z�������v܇��d�⎛�gL��=�{����j����ܣ����� ��SYL�ŏQ*����i���#�@�gH� :����0С3,������:��D�o�^���I���6�&���i�L^[n�t�;g8\Q.�ˋk�غ�5Y�|�6�p2'�)�����,{V�T���D ���FO�6y��5e��t#QO�J$�H�M�(�'i�S�2�P`�U��~��xܿlJY�b�Zi�(6@�*>g��ՅLnDh�L��knOܟ%� sXg U�+�ŝ� p/�ȌF�X�:��p�8��� c�p;����_�*}(|���+eᐤVB,�8�c��m��F��`U�S!���8���L����^��eJ'"��p(���T��{�W�ؾ�Ax�w7�ы��P�v�a�.��N\2;r)7�l�yP��RW�%$��8�x^Z�]�� �|�B��-�Y�Re:�IP������-�U� ��'�`��$�|���>ض�x��6��=I�6�F�*��p �Ǡ��t���q��� m�6�EI��Q���L(�S1�V��-�I��Fz. The Corrugated Plate Interceptor (CPI) is a high-rate oil/water separator suited for a variety of industrial applications. Found inside – Page 56All quarters water , except galley water , will be routed to a sewage treatment unit . ... the following equipment is typically necessary : Case 1 : One produced - water flash tank ; one CPI with two ( 2 ) pumps ; one oil / water ... Produced water is the water that comes out of the well along with crude oil. API Oily Water Separators and CPI – Corrugated Plate Interceptor – allow the separation in the oily water treatment of the suspended solids and of the oil globules from water by gravity separation principle that is based on the difference of specific gravity between the phases (oil, solid, water). CPI’s and IGF’s are long standing convention technologies which have been used for many years, typically in onshore oil & gas facilities. Regulations on discharge quality have been a major driver in the improvement of treatment technology. As in all JWC separation systems, CPI units are built for operator friendliness. Water Technologies Skimmers, CPI & Sump Tanks Our produced water treatment equipment includes such items as skimmers, degassers, corrugated plate interceptors (CPI) and sump tanks. PUBLIC WORKS TECHNICAL BULLETIN 200-1-05 5 DECEMBER 1997. Typically maximum Produced Water handling facilities are required towards the end of field life and with up to 95% of fluids processed being Produced Water compared with 5-10% at the start of field life so large turndown capabilities and operating flexibility of the Produced Water treatment … Influent oil: 200 to 10,000 ppm. Heat Medium Package Water Bath Heater Pig Launchers/Receivers Utilities . Table 1 : Free Oil Discharge Levels in Produced Water for Various Locations 8 Table 2 : Characteristics of typical oil field produced water 8 Table 3 : Typical Organic Content of Produced Water From Oil and Gas Fields 10 Table 4 : Technologies assessed for PW treatment 18 A Plate pack is a housing of flat plastic plates (strengthened by resins) and stiffened by a frame made from plastic material (strengthened by resins) and/or stainless steel. Each stage has select equipment that specialize in the removal of oil and solids from the water. Produced water is salty water that is produced as a byproduct along with oil or gas during the treatment. Pielkenrood is a leading international expert in the field of oil/water separation and water treatment. • Produced water properties • Sludge production • Inlet oil & solids levels • Outlet specifications • Retention time typically +10 minutes. Oil & Gas. CETCO Process Equipment’s produced water treatment systems rid our customers of the frustrations associated with equipment’s non-performance, size and cost and are capable of handling every project necessary for separating or treating gas, oil and water from a production stream. Produced water typically contains dissolved gas, especially at high process pressures. Influent TSS: Less than 100 to 200 ppm, dependent upon type 0000006449 00000 n Our custom designed produced water treatment packages include our proprietary Deoiler Hydrocyclones and gas flotation technologies, as well as a range of filtration and Corrugated Plate Interceptor (CPI… This phenomenon is defined as “Gravity Separation”.It is clear that the phase with high density will settle and with lower density will float to the surface of fluid. Found inside – Page 185Many vendors of this equipment to wastewater treatment applications have their origins in the CPI (Chemical Process ... of the scale-up and optimization properties developed in much larger units used in large scale chemical production. Sometimes lost in the hustle and bustle of production issues is that high-purity water, and the steam produced thereby, is the lifeblood of the plant. Found inside – Page 639A nominal 5,000 BPD / day Corrugated Plate Interceptor ( CPI ) vessel is installed to treat produced water to less than 40 ppm oil for disposal overboard . Should future water treatment capacity in excess of 5,000 BPD / day be required ... Separate almost any hydrocarbon oil and most non-hydrocarbon oils, such as corn oil or other vegetable oils, from water. Andersen has extensive planning and construction management experience in projects involving millions of barrels of fresh and produced water storage, treatment and recycling facilities with supply, distribution and disposal networks ranging over 100 miles in Wyoming, Texas, Oklahoma and New Mexico on private, state and federal lands. Found inside – Page 55In the case of drinking water , the resources used to treat the water might be estimated and then removed . This approach , which would reduce the resources used to produce the water , would not penalize a utility's productivity measure ... API and CPI separators can be supplied as a complete package (metallic basin with instrumentation, ancillaries and automation). Found inside – Page 6INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION US Department of Commerce CIRCLE READER SERVICE CARD NO . ... CPI average remains robust The CPI average of INDUSTRIAL WATER TREATMENT " ' s Industrial Production continues on an upward swing , according to recent ... Description. The basic principle of difference in gravity between the phases (liquid-liquid or solid-liquid) is employed in an OWS in the separation of the two phases. Download our brochure. When sufficient process pressure does not allow for the use of hydrocyclone units, the CPI is an effective and economical alternative. PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT: OIL PROCESSING: Hydrocyclone Separators Corrugated Plate Interceptors (CPI) Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) Induced Gas Floatation (IGF) Optional Coalescer Pack Equipped IGF Nutshell Filters. They are one of the most prolific suppliers of expertise and equipment for Produced Water Treatment packages in the world. At these levels a CPI & IGF based water treatment system will typically clean water in the range of 30 to 40 ppm, Very large water treatment systems of 100,000 BWPD are generally handled by parallel process trains to provide redundancy and maintenance access during downtime. 0000019914 00000 n H��UiTg���@ZE������������YD� AZ�mĘ3F#�3F1&(�i�6�D�\₀���Ijt�Q_�ۙjt�����W����w��-��"d2�:b��Ȱб����Y���Y:���˳ #'3W5���V����ɗ��:��]��{5��`���_j�bOX�d��&���:������yf��t!d���� FZ��I^$1QNL&�`�%�p��eE�#�2"Z� \�=f���E̞9o�����1����L]����Z��[WB�Z6�h�y�t�WVV;�6rN._,��w+�w�(� eGeP���t�j�l�����d�`�ߦ�6۶������!w�|4�`� 0000003018 00000 n Our product line includes Water/Wastewater Treatment Equipment, Compressed Air Dryers and Filtration Systems. Because our packages often include piping, instrumentation and electrical components, the customer has fewer tie-in connections. Parts & Services; Corrugated Plate Interceptors provide an economical way to remove the bulk of the oil and contaminants, and are often the only separation equipment needed for handling process water or wastewater streams, in the Oil & Gas, Petrochemical and Power industries This gas is separated from the produced water stream to allow downstream operations to function properly and to prevent gas flashing to atmosphere during water disposal. Found inside – Page 473Hydrocyclone Produced Water Treatment for Offshore Developments M.S. Choi , Conoco Inc. This paper was prepared for ... and weight requirement for conventional produced water treatment ( PWT ) systems ( skim tanks , CPI's and flotation ... 0000002896 00000 n Found inside – Page 1-32Oli gas Vapor Recovery Fuel gas for heaters Leak Detection System Surge Drum Emulsion Breaker ( Coalescer ) Dry Oil Storage Dry oil to interconnect pipeline Produced Water treatment ( CPI / Flotation ) Clean water to platform disposal ... CPI’s and IGF’s are long standing convention technologies which have been used for many years, typically in onshore oil & gas facilities. Corrugated Plate Interceptors (CPI) and Induced Gas Flotation (IGF) systems are an appropriate cost-effective solution for produced water treatment applications where there is little to no available natural pressure in the produced water stream. ESI guarantees all equipment and system packages’ performance. The number of plates in a Plate pack is determined by various calculations as well as based on experience on various effluents and applications. Application. Found inside – Page 48Tax Treatment The CPI includes sales and excise taxes in its market basket , and , to the extent that they are passed on by ... cleaner water , and better worker safety and health require resources for their production and 6 / This ... 0000001637 00000 n With the capability of delivering oil reduction to 2-5mg/l and 90% solids removal to 2 µ m, our nutshell and media filters help to remove the final free oil and suspended solids in your produced water.. CPI Series. © All Rights Reserved 2020 . Produced water is a term to describe water that is produced as a byproduct along with the oil and gas and is by far the largest waste stream associated with oil and gas production. This material is resistant to the most frequently used chemical additives and temperature as well as effluents to be treated. As an integral element of oil and gas production, water management is especially important. +44 (0) 1788 568086. While understanding the equipment is important, it is equally important to understand the chemical and process aspect of produced water treatment equipment. Produced water treatment systems are often supplied as complete turnkey, skid-mounted or modularized packages and typically consist of one or more of the following components: Desanding hydrocyclone. Deoiling hydrocyclone. Oily water separator. Corrugated plate interceptor (CPI) 11 0 obj <> endobj CPI efficiency is determined by calculating the relationships between the flow-rate, oil and water specific gravity, temperature and oil content. Typically oil and produced water are initially separated in a production separator which is essentially a ‘knockout’ tank. Produced water is salty water that is produced as a byproduct along with oil or gas during the treatment. Found inside – Page 4... API design criteria), CPI (corrugated plate interceptor), and PPI (parallel plate interceptor) units. ... The available literature indicates that gravity separation is effective in producing an effluent with an average of 20–100 ppm ... Found inside – Page 22Equipment design for cleaner produced water As regulations for handling produced water become more stringent , operators are ... treatment equipment , such as Corrugated Plate Separators ( CPI ) and Induced Gas Flotation Cells ( IGF ) .
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